O papel das populações tradicionais na conservação da biodiversidade.

bitstream/CNPF-2009-09/42622/1/Doc153.pdf1 CD-ROM

MEDUSA: Observation of atmospheric dust and water vapor close to the surface of Mars

Background: The study of airborne dust and water vapor properties at the Martian surface level is an important task for the achievement of some of the primary scientific goals of Mars exploration: to study the water cycle and present / past habitability, climate history and hazardous conditions. Method: The MEDUSA instrument has been designed for the direct in situ measurement of dust and water vapor properties, such as dust size distribution, number density, deposition rate and electrification, and water vapor abundance. Conclusion: The MEDUSA instrument reached a Technical Readiness Level > 5 within the ESA ExoMars mission development and it is well suited to be accommodated on landers and rovers for Mars exploration

SIMBIO-SYS : Scientific Cameras and Spectrometer for the BepiColombo Mission

The SIMBIO-SYS (Spectrometer and Imaging for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem) is a complex instrument suite part of the scientific payload of the Mercury Planetary Orbiter for the BepiColombo mission, the last of the cornerstone missions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Horizon + science program. The SIMBIO-SYS instrument will provide all the science imaging capability of the BepiColombo MPO spacecraft. It consists of three channels: the STereo imaging Channel (STC), with a broad spectral band in the 400-950 nm range and medium spatial resolution (at best 58 m/px), that will provide Digital Terrain Model of the entire surface of the planet with an accuracy better than 80 m; the High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), with broad spectral bands in the 400-900 nm range and high spatial resolution (at best 6 m/px), that will provide high-resolution images of about 20% of the surface, and the Visible and near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging channel (VIHI), with high spectral resolution (6 nm at finest) in the 400-2000 nm range and spatial resolution reaching 120 m/px, it will provide global coverage at 480 m/px with the spectral information, assuming the first orbit around Mercury with periherm at 480 km from the surface. SIMBIO-SYS will provide high-resolution images, the Digital Terrain Model of the entire surface, and the surface composition using a wide spectral range, as for instance detecting sulphides or material derived by sulphur and carbon oxidation, at resolutions and coverage higher than the MESSENGER mission with a full co-alignment of the three channels. All the data that will be acquired will allow to cover a wide range of scientific objectives, from the surface processes and cartography up to the internal structure, contributing to the libration experiment, and the surface-exosphere interaction. The global 3D and spectral mapping will allow to study the morphology and the composition of any surface feature. In this work, we describe the on-ground calibrations and the results obtained, providing an important overview of the instrument performances. The calibrations have been performed at channel and at system levels, utilizing specific setup in most of the cases realized for SIMBIO-SYS. In the case of the stereo camera (STC), it has been necessary to have a validation of the new stereo concept adopted, based on the push-frame. This work describes also the results of the Near-Earth Commissioning Phase performed few weeks after the Launch (20 October 2018). According to the calibration results and the first commissioning the three channels are working very well.Peer reviewe

Optical design performance of the Stereo Channel for SIMBIOSYS onboard the BepiColombo ESA mission

In this paper the adopted optical design solution for the Stereo Channel of the imaging system SIMBIOSYS for the BepiColombo ESA mission to Mercury is presented. The optical design of the camera together with its performance, expressed in terms of optical quality, tolerance and stray-light analysis, are fully described. The main scientific camera objective is the tridimensional global mapping of the entire surface of Mercury with a scale factor of 50 m per pixel at periherm. Five different spectral bands are foreseen, a panchromatic and four intermediate bands, in the range between 410 and 930 nm. The Stereo Channel consists of two sub-channels looking at \ub120\ub0 from nadir direction, which share the detector and most of the optical components. The field of view of each channel is 4.8\ub0 7 5.3\ub0 with a scale factor of 22"/pixel. The chosen modified Schmidt configuration guarantees an optimal aberration balancing over all the field of view and all the wavelength range; in addition the technical solution chosen for the filter manufacturing, i.e. single substrate with stripe-butted filters, allows to further optimize chromatic aberration. For stray-light suppression, an efficient baffling system, able to well separate the two optical paths over the common optical elements, has been designed and an appropriate \u2018filter masking\u2019 has been foreseen to cope with ghosts and cross talk between adjacent filter stripes. The tolerance analysis shows that manufacturing, alignment and stability tolerances are rather relaxed. Thus concluding, the analysis of the global optical performance of the camera assures that the scientific requirements are optimally fulfilled

NERO: General concept of a Near-Earth object Radiometric Observatory

Advances in Space Research, 37, pp. 153-160, http://dx.doi.org./10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.035International audienc

Optical design of the high resolution imaging channel of SIMBIO-SYS

This paper describes the optical design of the High Resolution Imaging Channel (HRIC), which is part of the spectrometers and imagers for the Mercury Planetary Orbiter BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS) suite, for imaging and spectroscopic investigation of Mercury. The optical design has been optimized to achieve the stringent scientific requirement of 5 m ground sampling at 400 km from the planet’s surface in the harsh Mercury environment

Modeling the JANUS stray-light behavior

JANUS is the camera of the ESA mission JUICE, dedicated to high-resolution imaging in the extended-visible wavelength region (340 - 1080nm). The camera will observe Jupiter and its satellites providing detailed maps of their surfaces and atmospheres. During the mission, the camera will face a huge variety of observing scenarios ranging from the imaging of the surfaces of the satellites under varying illumination conditions to limb observation of the atmospheres. The stray-light performance of JANUS has been studied through non-sequential ray-tracing simulations with the aim to characterize and optimize the design. The simulations include scattering effects produced by micro-roughness and particulate contamination of the optical surfaces, the diffusion from mechanical surfaces and ghost reflections from refractive elements. The results have been used to derive the expected stray-light performance of the instrument and to validate the instrument design

Extração caseira de polpa de juçara: Euterpe edulis Martius.

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Trade-off between TMA and RC configurations for JANUS camera

none18siJANUS (Jovis Amorum Ac Natorum Undique Scrutator) is a high-resolution visible camera designed for the ESA space mission JUICE (Jupiter Icy moons Explorer). The main scientific goal of JANUS is to observe the surface of the Jupiter satellites Ganymede and Europa in order to characterize their physical and geological properties. During the design phases, we have proposed two possible optical configurations: a Three Mirror Anastigmat (TMA) and a Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) both matching the performance requirements. Here we describe the two optical solutions and compare their performance both in terms of achieved optical quality, sensitivity to misalignment and stray light performances.noneGreggio, D.; Magrin, D.; Munari, M.; Paolinetti, R.; Turella, A.; Zusi, M.; Cremonese, G.; Debei, S.; Della Corte, V.; Friso, E.; Hoffmann, H.; Jaumann, R.; Michaelis, H.; Mugnuolo, R.; Olivieri, A.; Palumbo, P.; Ragazzoni, R.; Schmitz, N.Greggio, Davide; Magrin, Demetrio; Munari, M.; Paolinetti, R.; Turella, A.; Zusi, M.; Cremonese, Gabriele; Debei, Stefano; Della Corte, V.; Friso, Enrico; Hoffmann, H.; Jaumann, R.; Michaelis, H.; Mugnuolo, R.; Olivieri, A.; Palumbo, P.; Ragazzoni, Roberto; Schmitz, N

Scientific objectives of JANUS instrument onboard JUICE mission and key technical solutions for its Optical Head

JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) is the first Large Mission in the frame of ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. JANUS (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator) is the camera system selected to fulfill the mission optical imaging scientific requirements. It is being developed by a team involving Institutes and Industries in Italy, Germany, Spain and UK, supported by respective Space Agencies. The science team includes Co-Investigators also from USA, France, Japan and Israel.Resources limitations, S/C characteristics, mission design, environment and the great variability of observing conditions for several objects put stringent constraints on optical head characteristics. High radiation environment in terms of irradiation dose and flux in specific mission phases has to be considered.The wide range of targets, that includes Jupiter atmosphere, to solid satellite surfaces, exosphere, rings, and lightning, all to be observed in several color and narrow-band filters, have all to be considered in instrument development.The many science objectives of JANUS are described together with the technical solution adopted for the optical head. © 2019 IEEE.Abstract—JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) is the first Large Mission in the frame of ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 program. JANUS (Jovis, Amorum ac Natorum Undique Scrutator) is the camera system selected to fulfill the mission optical imaging scientific requirements. It is being developed by a team involving Institutes and Industries in Italy, Germany, Spain and UK, supported by respective Space Agencies. The science team includes Co-Investigators also from USA, France, Japan and Israel. JANUS is funded by ASI (LDO Industrial Contract N. 2018-01-I.0. & ASI-INAF agreement N. 2018-25-HH.0.), DLR, Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad undercontract ESP 2016--76076--R. & UKSA